Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 277-281 , March 2004

Efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin combined with etodolac for the treatment of chronic post-thoracotomy pain: An open-label prospective clinical trial

,Accepted 30 June 2003.

References 

  1. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994;
  2. Pertunnen K, Tasmuth T, Kalso E. Chronic pain after thoracic surgery: a follow-up study. Acta Anesth Scand. 1999;43:563–567
  3. Dajczman E, Gordon A, Kreisman H, Wolkove N. Long-term posthoracotomy pain. Chest. 1991;99:270–274
  4. Benedetti F, Vighetti S, Ricco C, et al.  Neurophysiologic assessment of nerve impairment in posterolateral and muscle-sparing thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115(4):841–847
  5. d'Amours RH, Riegler FX, Little AG. Pathogenesis and management of persistent post-thoracotomy pain. Chest Surg Clin North Am. 1998;8:703–722
  6. Kingery W. A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain. 1997;73:123–139
  7. Rogers ML, Duffy JP. Surgical aspects of chronic post-thoracotomy pain. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;18:711–716
  8. Berrazueta JR, Losada A, Poveda J, et al.  Successful treatment of shoulder pain syndrome due to supraspinatus tendinitis with transdermal nitroglycerin. A double blind study. Pain. 1996;66:63–67
  9. Lauretti GR, Oliveira R, Reis MP, et al.  Transdermal nitroglycerin enhances spinal sufentanil postoperative analgesia following orthopedic surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;90:734–739
  10. Lauretti G, Oliveira A, Juliao MC, et al.  Transdermal nitroglycerin enhances spinal neostigmine postoperative analgesia following gynecological surgery. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:943–946
  11. Duarte IDC, Lorenzetti BB, Ferreira SH. Acetylcholine induces peripheral analgesia by the release of nitric oxide from l-arginine. In:  Moncada S,  Higgs EA editor. A bioregulatory system. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1990;p. 165–170
  12. Zhuo M, Meller ST, Gebhart GF. Endogenous nitric oxide is required for tonic cholinergic inhibition of mechanical transmission. Pain. 1993;54:71–78
  13. Kobzik L, Reid MB, Bredt DS, Stamler JS. Nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Nature. 1994;372:546–548
  14. Chen SR, Eisenach JC, Pan HL. Intrathecal S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and L-cysteine attenuate nerve injury-induced allodynia through noradrenergic activation in rats. Neuroscience. 2000;101(3):759–765
  15. Chen SR, Khan GM, Pan HL. Antiallodynic effect on intrathecal neostigmine is mediated by spinal nitric oxide in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(4):1007–1012
  16. Xu Z, Chen SR, Eisenach J, Pan HL. Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res. 2000;861(2):390–398
  17. Ferreira SH, Lorenzetti BB, Faccioli LH. Blockade of hyperalgesia and neurogenic edema by topical application of nitroglycerin. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992;217:207–209
  18. Zimmermann M. Pathobiology of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;429(1–3):23–37
  19. Prado WA, Schiavon VF, Cunha FQ. Dual effect of local application of nitric oxide donors in a model of incision pain in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;441(1–2):57–65
  20. Sousa AM, Prado WA. The dual effect of a nitric oxide donor in nociception. Brain Res. 2001;897(1–2):9–19
  21. Berrazueta JR, Poveda JJ, Ochoteco A, et al.  The anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of transdermal glycerylnitrate in the treatment of infusion-related thrombophlebitis. Postgrad Med J. 1993;69(807):37–40
  22. Berrazueta JR, Fleitas M, Salas E, et al.  Local transdermal glyceryl trinitrate has an anti-inflammatory action on thrombophlebitis induced by sclerosis of leg varicose veins. Angiology. 1994;45(5):347–351
  23. Raffa RB. Pharmacology of oral combination analgesics: rational therapy for pain. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(4):257–264
  24. Parfitt K. Analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics. In: Martindale  editors. The complete drug reference. 32nd edition. London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 1999;p. 1–91

PII: S0885-3924(03)00511-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.06.009

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 27, Issue 3 , Pages 277-281 , March 2004