« Previous
Next »
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 35, Issue 5
, Pages 544-562
, May 2008
Chiropractic: A Critical Evaluation
References
- . Dictionary of alternative medicine. Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange; 1998;
- . Communication in a chiropractic clinic: how a D.C. treats his patients. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994;18:83–113
- . Integration of chiropractic in the Armed Forces health care system. Mil Med. 1996;161:455–459
- . Laboratory testing in chiropractic practice. Lab Med. 1998;29:291–295
- . What role for chiropractic in healthcare?. New Engl J Med. 1998;339:1074–1075
- . Chiropractic: origins, controversies, and contributions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2215–2224
- World Federation of Chiropractic. Toronto: WFC; 1999;http://www.wfc.org
- British Chiropractic Association. Chiropractic…a helping hand for you and your patients. Undated brochure. 2003.
- . About chiropractic. Available at http://www.amerchiro.org/pdf/va-report.pdfAccessed January 21, 2008
- . A natural method of health care. Introduction to chiropractic. 10th ed. Palmerton, PA: Practice Makers; 2000;
- . Chiropractic. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26:97–102
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. About chiropractic and its use in treating low-back pain. Accessed April, 2006. www.nccam.nih.gov/health/chiropractic/index.htm.
- . Chiropractic. In: Micozzi MS editors. Fundamentals of complementary and integrative medicine. 3rd ed.. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier; 2006;
- . “Research” and “science” in the first half of the chiropractic century. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:357–378
- . The chiropractic. Davenport, IA: Palmer College Archives; 1897;Jan:1;
- . Chiropractic. In: Yuan C-S, Bibber EJ, Brent AB editor. Textbook of complementary and alternative medicine. 2nd ed.. Abingdon, VA: Informa Healthcare; 2006;
- . WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Kobe, Japan: WHO Centre for Health Development, Kobe; 2006;
- . The use and costs of chiropractic care in the health insurance experiment. Publication MR-401-CCR. Santa Monica, CA: RAND/Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1994;
- . The chiropractic services market: a literature review. In: Scheffer R, Rossiter L editor. Advances in health economics and health services research. 13:Greenwich, CT: JAI Press; 1992;p. 191–204
- . Chiropractic: a profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:216–227
- . Chiropractic. Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2002;29:419–437
- Patients using chiropractors in North America. Spine. 2002;27:291–298
- Foundation for the Advancement of Chiropractic, Tenets and Sciences. FACTS Bulletin,VI. Arlington, VA: Foundation for the Advancement of Chiropractic, Tenets and Sciences; 1999;
- . Trends in the education and practice of alternative medicine clinicians. Health Aff. 1996;15:226–238
- . Bones of contention? Orthodox medicine and the mystery of the bone-setter's craft. In: Bynum WF, Porter R editor. Medical fringe and medical orthodoxy. 1750–1850. London: Croom Helm; 1987;p. 158–173
- . British bone-setters. Hist Med Q. 1971;3:13–15
- . Cases that bonesetters cure. BMJ. 1867;1:1–4
- . Chiropractic: History and evolution of a new profession. St. Louis, MI: Mosby-Year Book; 1992;
- . History and overview of theories and methods of chiropractic: a counterpoint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;444:243–249
- . The drive for legitimation by osteopathy and chiropractic in Australia: between hetrodoxy and orthodoxy. Comp Health Pract Rev. 2006;11:77–94
- . Textbook of the art, science and philosophy of chiropractic. Portland, OR: Portland Printing; 1910;
- . Evidence-based medicine and its implications for the profession of chiropractic. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60:545–561
- . Purpose-straight chiropractic: not science, not health care. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:416–418
- . “The only truly scientific method of healing” Chiropractic and American science. 1895–1990. Isis. 1994;85:207–227
- Gold R. Presentation at the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, November 18, 1994.
- . Alternative medicine and American religious life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989;
- . Bonesetting, chiropractic and cultism. Panama City, FL: Critique Books; 1963;
- . Chiropractic proofs. Iowa: Davenport; 1903;
- . The chiropractor's adjustor. Portland, OR: Portland Printing House; 1910;
- . The evolution and importance of spinal and chiropractic research. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:31–35
- . Cleveland chiropractic: the early years, 1917–1933. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19:324–343
- . Refined by fire: the evolution of straight chiropractic. Levittown, PA: Foundation for the Advancement of Chiropractic Education; 1994;
- . Seeking the rational alternative: the National College of Chiropractic from 1906 to 1982. Chiropr Hist. 1983;3:17–22
- . The science of chiropractic: Its principles and adjustments. Davenport, IA: The Palmer School of Chiropractic; 1906;
- . Permanent injunction order against AMA. JAMA. 1988;259:81–82
- . Apostasy to orthodoxy: debates before a Commission of Inquiry into chiropractic. Sociol Health Illn. 2000;22:310–330
- . Chiropractic and the politics of health care. Aust J Public Health. 1994;18:325–331
- The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. Health science research report on manipulative therapy for diseases of spinal origin. 1990.
- Wight CJK. Elections in the UK. The chiropractic choice 2002;Sept:18.
- . Palmer tells benefits of advertising. Davenport, IA: Fountainhead News; November 1, 1919;
- . Origin and development of traditional chiropractic philosophy. In: Haldeman S editors. Principles and practice of chiropractic. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1992;p. 29–43
- . Is traditional “chiropractic philosophy” valid today?. Philos Constructs Chiropract Profession. 1991;1:37–40
- . Commentary: eine kleine nacht musing. Am J Chiropract Med. 1988;1:41
- . Chiropractic: history and overview of theories and methods. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;444:236–242
- . The vertebral subluxation complex, I: Introduction to the model and the kinesiological component. Chiropract Res J. 1989;13:23–26
- . Spinal manipulation therapy: a status report. Clin Orthop. 1983;179:62–70
- . Shades of straight: diversity among the purists. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:203–209
- . Manipulative therapy and rehabilitation of the locomotor system. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993;
- Palmer BJ, Shermann LW, Coulter WW. Hematological changes under specific chiropractic adjustment: research on 1054 cases in the B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic. Number 1 in a series of scientific laboratory experiments proving the effectiveness of specific chiropractic technic. Davenport,IA: Palmer School of Chiropractic, undated (c. 1949).
- . Editorial: modernized chiropractic reconsidered: beyond foot-on-hose and bones-out-of-place. J Man Phys Ther. 2006;29:253–254
- . Biomechanics of spinal manipulative therapy. Spine J. 2001;1:121–130
- . The influence of static axial torque in combined loading on intervertebral joint failure mechanics using a porchine model. Clin Biomech. 2005;20:1038–1045
- . Effects of different levels of torso coactivation on trunk muscular and kinematic responses to posteriorly applied sudden loads. Clin Biomech. 2006;21:443–455
- . Inflammation hypothesis. In: Leach RA editors. The chiropractic theories. A textbook of scientific research. 4th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004;p. 131–136
- . Dentate ligament: cord distortion hypothesis. Chiropractic Res J. 1988;1:47–55
- . CNR: animal models in the study of subluxation and manipulation: 1964–2004. In: Gatterman MI editors. Foundations of chiropractic. Subluxation. 2nd ed.. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier Mosby; 2005;p. 47–103
- . A scientific test of the chiropractic theory. Am Scientist. 1973;61:574–580
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec. A scientific brief against chiropractic. New Physician. September 1996;http://www.chirobase.org/OSRB/CPSQ/06.htmlAccessed January 21, 2008
- . Somatic dysfunction and the phenomenon of visceral disease simulation: a probable explanation for the apparent effectiveness of somatic therapy in patients presumed to be suffering from true visceral disease. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;18:379–397
- . A position paper on chiropractic. Physiol Ther. 1996;19:633–637
- . The role of subluxation in chiropractic. Des Moines, IA: Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research; 1997;
- How chiropractors think and practice. Ada, OH: Institute for Social Research, Ohio University; 2003;
- . Canadian chiropractors' attitudes towards chiropractic philosphy and scope of practice: implcations for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1997;41:145–154
- . How real is the subluxation?. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:482–487
- . Intra- and interobserver reliability of passive motion palpation of the lumbar spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1989;12:440–445
- . Interexaminer concordance in detecting joint-play asymmetries in the cervical spines of otherwise asymptomatic subjects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1989;12:428–433
- . Most commonly used methods of detecting spinal subluxation and the preferred term for its description: a survey of chiropractors in Victoria, Australia. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:583–589
- . A revised definition of manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28:68–72
- . Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on thermal pain sensitivity: an experimental study. BMC Musculosketal Disord. 2006;15:68
- Subluxation: dogma or science?. Chiropr Osteopat. 2005;13:17
- . Working together in rural South Dakota: integrating medical and chiropractic primary care. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:577–582
- . Chiropractic and geriatrics: a review of the training, role, and scope of chiropractic in caring for aging patients. Clin Geriatr Med. 2004;20:223–235
- . The Council on Chiropractic Education's new wellness standard: a call to action for the chiropractic profession. Chiropr Osteopat. 2006;23
- . Principles in integrative chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003;26:254–272
- . Knowledge and use of complementary and alternative medicine among British undergraduate pharmacy students. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28:13–18
- . Evaluation of a complementary and alternative medicine rotation in medical school. Alt Ther. 2006;12:30–34
- Acute severe low back pain. A population based study of prevalence and care seeking. Spine. 1996;21:339–344
- The appropriateness of manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 1996;18–43
- . Persistent back pain—why do physical therapy clinicians continue treatment? A mixed methods study of chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists. Eur J Pain. 2006;10:67–76
- . Visit time as a framework for reimbursement: time spent with chiropractors and acupuncturists. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003;9:88–94
- . Practice-building seminars in chiropractic: a Petit Bourgeois response to biomedical domination. Med Anthropol Q. 1996;10:29–44
- . A survey of practice patterns and the health promotion and prevention attitudes of US chiropractors. Maintenance care: part I. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:1–9
- . Seeking a common denominator in the use of spinal manipulation. Chiropractic Technique. 1992;4:61–63
- . Chiropractic in the Netherlands: a survey of Dutch chiropractors. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:129–139
- Job analysis of chiropractic. Greeley. CO: National Board of Chiropractic Examiners; 2005;135–138
- . Quackery vs. accountability in the marketing of chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:459–470
- . A comparative analysis of chiropractic and general practitioner patients in North America: findings from the joint Canada/United States Survey of Health, 2002–03. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;6:49
- . Symptomatic outcomes and perceived satisfaction level of chiropractic patients with a primary diagnosis involving acute neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29:288–296
- . Demographic and clinical characteristics of chiropractic patients: a five year study of patients treated at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1994;38:75–82
- . The role of chiropractic in primary care: findings of four community studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:601–609
- . Delisting chiropractic and physiotherapy: false saving?. CMAJ. 2005;172:166
- . Summary of 1994 ACA Annual Statistical Study. J Am Chiropract Assoc. 1995;32:57–63
- . A survey of Utah chiropractic patients. Am Chiro Assoc J Chiro. 1981;15:S113–S129
- . Chiropractic in Sweden: a short description of patients and treatment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:507–510
- . Visceral disorders related to the spine. In: Gatterman MI editors. Chiropractic management of spine-related disorders. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1990;p. 379–396
- . Clinical investigation of reflex function. In: Haldeman S editors. The modern developments in the principles and practice of chiropractic. 2nd ed.. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Crofts; 1992;p. 105–114rev
- . Spinal manipulation and visceral disease: science rediscovers an ancient art. Texas J Chiropractic. 1995;July;27–32
- . The treatment of presumptive optic nerve ischemia by spinal manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:172–177
- . Ear infection: a retrospective study examining improvement from chiropractic care and analyzing for influencing factors. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19:169–177
- . A conservative approach for a patient with traumatically induced urinary incontinence. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:363–367
- . Chiropractic management of primary nocturnal enuresis. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:638–641
- . Clinical research within the chiropractic profession: status, needs and recommendations. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:169–178
- . Alternatives in cancer pain treatment: the application of chiropractic care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2005;21:184–189
- . Motion palpation: it's time to accept the evidence. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:568–571
- Palpation of the upper thoracic spine: an observer reliability study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:285–292
- . Reliability of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients with chronic low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:231–238
- . Are chiropractic tests for the lumbo-pelvic spine reliable and valid? A systematic critical literature review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:258–275
- Preliminary study of the reliability of assessment procedures for indications for chiropractic adjustments of the lumbar spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:382–389
- . Reliability of pain and stiffness assessments in clinical manual lumbar spine examination. Phys Ther. 1994;74:801–811
- . The reliability of lumbar motion palpation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:518–524
- . A roentgenological evaluation of the relationship between segmental motion and malalignment in lateral bending. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:350–360
- . Family physicians, chiropractors, and back pain. J Fam Pract. 1992;65:551–555
- . Chiropractors' use of X-rays. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:249–251
- . A pilot study of the purchase of manipulation services for acute low back pain in the United Kingdom. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:14–18
- . Low back pain investigations and prognosis: a review. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:494–498
- . Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays. Lancet. 2004;363:340–341
- South Dakota Board of Chiropractic Examiners. Information Hotline, Vol. 1, Issue 6. Accessed May 7, 2007. Available at http://www.state.sd.us/doh/chiropractic/Publications/April2007.pdf.
- . Referral patterns and attitudes of primary care physicians towards chiropractors. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:5
- . Chiropractors disciplined by a state chiropractic board and a comparison with disciplined medical physicians. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:472–477
- . Consent or submission? The practice of consent within UK chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28:15–24
- . How far can complementary and alternative medicine go? The case of chiropractic and homeopathy. Soc Sci Med. 2006;2617–2627
- . Chiropractic controlled clinical trials. Davenport, IA: Palmer School of Chiropractic; 1951;
- . Sources of bias in reviews of spinal manipulation for back pain. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2005;117:333–341
- . Research attitudes among chiropractic college students. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19:446–453
- . Chiropractic services under Medicare. Office of Analysis and Inspections, Office of the Inspector General. Chicago, IL: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1986;May:8;
- General Chiropractic Council. Protecting patients. What can I expect when I see a chiropractor? ISBN: 1-903559-09-X. 2003. http://www.gcc-uk.org/files/link_file/whatcanIExpect_Sep07_Web.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2008.
- . Spinal manipulative therapy for low-backpain. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004;(Issue 1):Art No.: CD000447.pub2
- Manipulation and mobilisation for mechanical neck disorders (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2004;
- Are manual therapies effective in reducing pain from tension-type headache?: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:278–285
- . Chiropractic spinal manipulation for neck pain—a systematic review. J Pain. 2003;4:417–442
- . Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2001;(Issue 4):Art. No: CD002119.pub2
- . Spinal manipulation for infantile colic. Technology report no 42. Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment; 2003;i–36
- . Chiropractic care in asthma and allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93:S55–S60
- . Manuel therapy treatment of cervicogenic dizziness: a systematic review. Man Ther. 2005;10:4–13
- Acute low back problems in adults. Clinical practice guideline No. 14. AHCPR Publication No. 95-0642. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services; 1994;
- . Australasian Faculty of Musculoskeletal Medicine for the National Musculoskeletal Medicine Initiative. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of acute low back pain. Canberra, Australia: National Medical Research Council; 1999;
- Royal College of General Practitioners. Clinical guidelines for the management of acute low back pain. London: Royal College of General Practitioners; 1999;
- Low-back pain: frequency, management and prevention from an HTA perspective. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Health Technology Assessment; 1999;
- . Conservative treatment of chronic low back pain. In: Nachemson A, Jonsson E editor. Neck and back pain: The scientific evidence of causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2000;p. 217–304
- A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:920–928
- . Pragmatic application of a clinical prediction rule in primary care to identify patients with low back pain with a good prognosis following a brief spinal manipulation intervention. BMC Fam Pract. 2005;6:29
- Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute “nonspecific” low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:623–631
- . Does the evidence for spinal manipulation translate into better outcomes in routine clinical care for patients with occupational low back pain? A case–control study. Spine J. 2006;6(3):289–295
- . Back schools for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine. 2005;30:2153–2163
- . Chiropractic holism: accessing the placebo effect. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17:339–346
- . A review of the literature regarding stroke and chiropractic. J Vertebral Subluxation Research. 2001;4:52–59
- . Approaches to unsubstantiated criticism: an editorial rejoinder on the stoke (sic) issue. J Vertebral Subluxation Research. 2001;4:65–67
- . Uneventful upper cervical manipulation in the presence of a damaged vertebral artery. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:472–483
- . Association of internal carotid artery dissection and chiropractic manipulation. Neurologist. 2003;9:35–44
- . Internal carotid artery dissection following chiropractic. JACA. 2003;40:20–24
- . Cerebral vascular complications post-cervical spine manipulation. [in Spanish] Rehabilitacion. 2003;37:33–38
- . Manipulation and lesions of the cervical arteries More than a temporal coincidence?. [in German] Manuelle Med. 2004;42:109–118
- . Safety of spinal manipulation in the treatment of lumbar disk herniations: a systematic review and risk assessment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:197–210
- . Cervical artery dissection. A comparison of highly dynamic mechanisms: manipulation versus motor vehicle collision. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28:57–63
- . Prospective investigations into the safety of spinal manipulation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;21:238–242
- . How common are side effects of spinal manipulation and can these side effects be predicted?. Man Ther. 2004;9:151–156
- . Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine. 2005;30:1477–1484
- . Risks associated with spinal manipulation. Am J Med. 2001;112:566–570
- . Adverse effects of spinal manipulation: a systematic review. J R Soc Med. 2007;100:330–338
- . Neurologic complications following chiropractic manipulation: a survey of Californian neurologists. Neurology. 1995;45:1213–1215
- . Incidence of neurological injury following neck manipulation. Irish Med J. 1998;91:130
- . Neurological complications of cervical spine manipulation. J Roy Soc Med. 2001;94:107–110
- . Complications following vertebral manipulation—a survey of a French region physicians. Annales de readaptation et de medicine physique. 2002;46:33–40
- . Spinal manipulation: survey of French medical physicians who graduated with the national diploma of osteopathy from Strasbourg university. Ann Readapt Med Phy. 2005;48:623–631
- Johnston BC, Cramer K, Humphreys K, Vohra S. Adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in children: a systematic review. ConferenceAbstracts. CARE Program, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta, Canada. May/June 2006:52–53.
- . More complications of spinal manipulation. Stroke. 2001;32:1136–1137
- . Vertebral artery dissection and pontine infarct after chiropractic manipulation. Am J Emerg Med. 2001;19:172–173
- . Horner's syndrome and dissection of the internal carotid artery after chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:523–524
- . Diaphragmatic paralysis following cervical chiropractic manipulation: case report and review. Complement Altern Med Asthma. 2001;119:638–640
- . Stroke following chiropractic manipulation. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2002;13:210–213
- . Stroke after chiropractic manipulation as a result of extracranial postero-inferior cerebellar artery dissection. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:588–590
- . Bilateral occipital-parietal hemorrhagic infarctions following chiropractic cervical manipulation. Semin Ophthalmol. 2003;18:205–209
- . Wallenberg's syndrome caused by chiropractic manipulation. [in Spanish] Rev Neurol. 2003;37:837–839
- . Doctor! I can't stand the noise in my ear!. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 2003;April;55–59
- . Intracranial hypotension after chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:820–826
- Simultaneous bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection following chiropractic manipulation: case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 2003;45:311–314
- . Vertebralis-Dissektion nach chiropraktischer Behandlung (Dissection of vertebral artery after chiropractic therapy). Orthopade. 2003;32:911–913
- . The medial medullary infarction (Dejerine syndrome) following chiropractic neck manipulation. [in Japanese] No To Shinkei. 2003;55:121–125
- Diseccion vertebral como causa del sindrome de enclaustramiento y opciones terapeuticas con fibrinolisis intraarterial durante la fase aguda (Locked-in syndrome due to a vertebral dissection and therapeutic options with intraarterial fibrinolysis in acute phase). Rev Neurol. 2004;38:1139–1141
- . Extensive spinal epidural hermatoma—an uncommon entity following cervical chiropractic manipulation. [in German] Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2004;48:79–84
- . Multiple discal herniation after chiropractic manipulation. [in Spanish] Rev Med Univ Navarra. 2004;48:39–41
- . Chiropractors for and against vaccines. Med Anthropol. 1990;12:169–186
- . Immunisation; facts; myths and speculation. ICA Rev Chiro. 1990;Nov/Dec;13–21
- . The vaccine dilemma: another viewpoint on the issue. Chiro J. 1993;Sept;1–28
- . Vaccination, antibiotics and paediatrics: where do we stand. Oregon Doctors of Chiropractic. 1993;3:4–12
- . Chiropractic pediatric and prenatal reference manual. 2nd ed.. South Burlington, VT: Baby Adjustors, Inc.; 2001;
- . Pediatric disorders. In: Lawrence SJ editors. Fundamentals of chiropractic diagnosis and management. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1999;p. 510–530
- . Effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms among children and adolescents in the United States. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:81–90
- College of Chiropractors of Ontario. Accessed May 7, 2007. Available at http://www.cco.on.ca/standard_of_practice_s-015.htm.
- . Attitudes on immunization. A survey of American Chiropractors. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17:584–590
- . Chiropractic care for children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:401–407
- . Immunization and the chiropractor-patient interaction: a Western Canadian study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29:156–161
- . A systematic review of the economic evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine. Perfusion. 2005;18:202–214
- . United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial: cost effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care. BMJ. 2004;329:1381
- . Utilization and costs of chiropractic care for work-related low back injuries: do payment policies make a difference?. Spine. 2006;6:146–153
- Comparative analysis of individuals with and without chiropractic coverage: patient characteristics, utilization, and costs. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1985–1992
- . Cracking the problem of back pain: is chiropractic the answer?. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1953–1954
- . A profile of middle-aged women who consult a chiropractor or osteopath: findings from a survey of 11,143 Australian women. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;26:349–353
The author has no conflict of interest.
PII: S0885-3924(07)00783-X
doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.07.004
© 2008 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 35, Issue 5
, Pages 544-562
, May 2008
