Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages 69-78 , July 2008

Pain Behavior in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Identification of Pain Behavior Subgroups

  • Sandra J. Waters, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Sandra J. Waters, PhD, Department of Psychology, North Carolina Central University, 214 Taylor Education Building, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
  • ,
  • Paul A. Riordan, BA

      Affiliations

    • North Carolina Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
  • ,
  • Francis J. Keefe, PhD

      Affiliations

    • North Carolina Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
  • ,
  • John C. Lefebvre, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA

,Accepted 31 August 2007.

References 

  1. Fordyce WE. Behavioral methods for chronic pain and illness. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1976;
  2. Williams de C AC. Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav Brain Sci. 2002;25:439–488
  3. Hadjistavropolous T, Craig KD. A theoretical framework for understanding self-report and observational measures of pain: a communications model. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40:551–570
  4. Labus JS, Keefe FJ, Jensen MP. Self-reports of pain intensity and direct observations of pain behavior: when are they correlated?. Pain. 2003;102:109–124
  5. Hildebrandt J, Pfingsten M, Saur P, Jansen J. Predictions of success from a multidisciplinary treatment program for chronic low back pain. Spine. 1997;22:990–1001
  6. Keefe FJ, Block AR, Williams RB, Surwit RS. Behavioral treatment of chronic low back pain: clinical outcome and individual differences in pain relief. Pain. 1981;11:221–231
  7. Anderson KO, Bradley LA, Turner RA, et al. Observation of pain behavior in rheumatoid arthritis patients during physical examination. Relationship to disease activity and psychological variables. Arthritis Care Res. 1992;5:49–56
  8. Gil KM, Keefe FJ, Crisson JE, Van Dalfsen PJ. Social support and pain behavior. Pain. 1987;29:209–221
  9. Keefe FJ, Smith S. The assessment of pain behavior: Implications for applied psychophysiology and future research directions. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2002;27:117–127
  10. Keefe FJ, Bradley LA, Crisson JE. Behavioral assessment of low back pain: identification of pain behavior subgroups. Pain. 1990;40:153–160
  11. McDaniel LK, Anderson KO, Bradley LA, et al. Development of an observation method for assessing pain behavior in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Pain. 1986;24:165–184
  12. Anderson KO, Bradley LA, McDaniel LK, et al. The assessment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis: validity of a behavioral observation method. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30:36–43
  13. Melzack R. The McGill pain questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain. 1975;1:277–299
  14. Melzack R, Katz J. The McGill pain questionnaire: appraisal and current status. In:  Turk DC,  Melzack R editor. Handbook of pain assessment. New York, NY: Guilford; 1992;
  15. Lorig K, Chastain RL, Ung E, Shoor S, Holman HR. Development and evaluation of a scale to measure perceived self-efficacy in people with arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:37–44
  16. Brekke M, Hjortdahl P, Kvien TK. Changes in self-efficacy and health status over 5 years: a longitudinal observational study of 306 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2003;49:342–348
  17. Keefe FJ, Kashikar-Zuck S, Robinson E, et al. Pain coping strategies that predict patients’ and spouses’ ratings of patients’ self-efficacy. Pain. 1997;73:191–199
  18. Lefebvre JC, Keefe FJ, Affleck G, et al. The relationship of arthritis self-efficacy to daily pain, daily mood, and daily pain coping in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Pain. 1999;80:425–435
  19. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems; 1994;
  20. Everitt B, Landau S, Leese M. Cluster analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001;
  21. SAS/STAT . User guide. Available at http://www.id.unizh.ch/software/unix/statmath/sas/sasdoc/stat/chap23/sect4.htmLast accessed June 18, 2004
  22. Lorr M. Cluster analysis for social scientists. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1983;
  23. Clark-Carter D. Doing quantitative psychological research: From design to report. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press, Ltd.; 1997;
  24. Waters SJ, Campbell LC, Keefe FJ. Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In:  St. Clair EW,  Pisetsky DS,  Haynes BF editor. Rheumatoid arthritis. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004;
  25. Turk DC, Okifuji A. What factors affect physicians’ decisions to prescribe opioids for chronic noncancer pain patients?. Clin J Pain. 1997;13:330–336
  26. Drayer RA, Henderson J, Reidenberg M. Barriers to better pain control in hospitalized patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999;17:434–440

 This study was supported by a grant to Dr. Keefe from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Grant #: AR 42261).

PII: S0885-3924(08)00059-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.08.015

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages 69-78 , July 2008