Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages e13-e14 , July 2008

The Use of Topical Opioids for Systemic Pain Management

References 

  1. Ashfield T. The use of topical opioids to relieve pressure ulcer pain. Nurs Stand. 2005;19(45):90–92
  2. Back IN, Finlay I. Analgesic effect of topical opioids on painful skin ulcers. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995;10(7):493
  3. Ballas S. Treatment of painful sickle cell leg ulcers with topical opioids. Blood. 2002;99(3):1096
  4. Krajnik M, Zbigniew Z, Finlay I, Luczak J, van Sorge A. Potential uses of topical opioids in palliative care—report of 6 cases. Pain. 1999;80:121–125
  5. Sawynok J. Topical and peripherally acting analgesics. Pharmacol Rev. 2003;55(1):1–20
  6. Twillman R, Long T, Cathers T, Mueller D. Treatment of painful skin ulcers with topical opioids. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999;17(4):288–292
  7. Long T, Cathers T, Twillman R, et al. Morphine-infused silver sulfadiazine (MISS) cream for burn analgesia: a pilot study. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2001;22(2):118–123
  8. Heyneman C, Lawless-Liday C, Wall G. Oral versus topical NSAIDs in rheumatic disease—a comparison. Drugs. 2000;60(3):555–574
  9. Vaile J, Davis P. Topical NSAIDS for musculoskeletal conditions—a review of the literature. Drugs. 1998;56(5):783–799
  10. Lucas L, Lipman A. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for cancer pain management. Cancer Pract. 2002;10(Suppl. 1):S14–S20

PII: S0885-3924(08)00214-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.02.004

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Volume 36, Issue 1 , Pages e13-e14 , July 2008

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